"All over the body or even face anytime, anywhere, there is a large area of redness, itching, feeling that they have lived very carefully, cleaning every day, washing clothes frequently, I don't know why they are allergic, and it is getting worse.""Every spring, Ms. Zhang, who lives in Maanshan City, is miserable.
"Before going out, we must look at the pollen forecast to decide what to wear." "At home, there are only 4 mite meters, but also equipped with a fresh air system." "Every business trip, oral anti-allergic drugs and nasal spray have become standard baggage."When it comes to allergies, many people have endless complaints, and many people become doctors after a long illness.
In the interview, many experts said that there are more and more patients with allergies than in the past, one of the characteristics is that more and more young people, their living environment is relatively clean, but they are repeatedly troubled by allergic rhinitis.Is it easier to be allergic to clean?In doubt, the reporter interviewed.
Being clean can also be a mistake.
Nowadays, many people are used to cleaning clothes and the ground with disinfectants such as alcohol, and as long as they can reach the hand, they will first eliminate the poison.What is the relationship between the eradication of germs but not immune to allergies and the increasing incidence of diseases?
"Allergy is an immune response, an abnormal reaction of the body to a particular substance, also known as an allergic reaction.Ma Tingting, chief physician of the allergic reaction department of Beijing Century Tan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, said that type I allergic reaction, i.e. rapid hair allergy, is the most common clinical one.
"Type I allergic reactions are mainly IgE-mediated and involve activation of mast cells and basophils.During the sensitization phase, allergens enter the body and stimulate B lymphocytes to produce IgE antibodies, which bind to the Fc segment on the surface of mast cells and basophils, leaving the body in a sensitized state.When the body comes into contact with the same allergen again, IgE antibodies bind to it specifically, causing mast cells to departicle and release a variety of bioactive media, such as histamine, kinin, serotonin, etc.Martinez explained.
"Over-cleaning can cause beneficial bacterial deficiencies, leading to immune imbalances that can lead to allergies.Ma Yanliang, chief physician of respiratory and severe medicine at Peking University People's Hospital, explained to reporters, "Most of the microorganisms in the daily environment are beneficial, beneficial bacteria live in the mouth, intestines and respiratory tract for a long time.”
Moderate exposure to microorganisms may reduce people's risk of developing allergic diseases.This is the main idea of the "hygiene hypothesis" once prevailing in the medical community.The hypothesis holds that infectious diseases and allergic diseases are a balance, the former is less, the latter is more likely to occur.Allergic reactions include quick hair reaction and delayed hair reaction.
"In the early stages of allergies, mast cells release histamine, trypsin, leukotriene, prostaglandins, cytokines and other media, and the rapid hair reaction occurs within minutes of exposure to allergens for 40 to 60 minutes.Ma Yanliang said, for example, sneezing and runny nose immediately after contact with allergens, which are caused by these particles causing edema of the nasal mucosa and fluid leakage in the blood vessels.
"The delayed response can be understood as the immune system produces antibodies against allergens that, when combined with allergens, activate the chronic inflammatory response.Ma Yanliang said that delayed hairstyle reactions usually occur hours to days after contact with allergens, and symptoms include redness, itching, difficulty breathing, gastrointestinal discomfort, and so on.
Immune cells contain "allergic memories"
"Pre-school age is an important period of human immunity.Ma Yanliang said that when exposed to allergens in the environment, some memory cells in the lymphatic system will form immune memories and may not react to them when they grow up.
"Our team's investigation confirms this result.According to Ma, the team conducted epidemiological investigations into the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis and asthma in Inner Mongolia, and the data showed that pollen-induced allergic rhinitis was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (23.1 percent).
"Rural areas are mostly heated by coal or wood burning, and residents are exposed to more microbes and their products, such as bacterial endotoxins and environmental mycobacterium-ria7, which may have the potential to prevent atopic diseases.""Appropriate exposure to more microbial environments, endotoxins can trigger a normal T-cell immune response, promote immune balance in the body, strengthen immune regulation, and prevent the production of allergic bodies."”
"In fact, the human body has TH1 and TH2 two types of immune cells, TH1's main responsibility is to deal with foreign bacterial viruses, while TH2 mainly deals with parasites and allergens.A healthy state should be a balance between the two, and on the contrary, if one side is weakened, the other becomes stronger.Ma Tingtinging said that too much attention to hygiene reduces the chances of human infection, so that TH1 against bacteria and viruses can not be played, TH2 will occupy the advantage and develop into various allergic diseases.
A paper in the journal Allergy conducted experiments on the skin of mice back with two household detergents. After 4 hours of treatment, the barrier function was evaluated by EIS and TEWL measurements.The experiment found that laundry detergent damaged the epidermal barrier of human skin.
"Many studies have found that impairment of skin barrier function is associated with skin allergic diseases.Yang Bi-lian, chief dermatologist of Oriental Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that the skin barrier refers to the sebum membrane + keratin layer.Looking at the sebum membrane and keratin layer, you can find that the lipid combination in the neatly arranged keratin cells and cell gaps resembles the protective layer of the wall, so the skin barrier is compared to the "brick wall structure".
"The complete wall has wallpaper, bricks and cement, wallpaper represents the sebum membrane (mainly oil secreted by the skin), bricks represent keratin cells, and cement represents physiological lipids.Yang Bi-lian for example, excessive cleaning will wash off the wallpaper, and then the cement will be lost, and the bricks will be unstable, and the permeability of the wall will increase, so that the skin will be dry and desiccated.
"After washing clothes, detergent may still remain, after contact with the skin will produce irritation, allergic people will appear red spots, pimples, itching and other symptoms."And Aaron said,
Cleanliness, cleanliness and health need to be balanced
It is important to pay attention to hygiene, but pay attention to cleanliness.
"Sometimes expose your child to a small amount of bacteria so that the immune system can withstand it without getting sick."Ma Tingtingting reminded that if the house is cleaned excessively, all places are sprayed with disinfectant water to sterilize the child in an almost sterile environment, it may cause the child to lose the opportunity to strengthen immunity, which will increase the probability of allergies.
"The clinic found that some children repeatedly blinked during the pollen season, cleared their throat, and parents mistook it for tics, and finally combined clinical symptoms and allergens to find that it was actually caused by pollen allergies."Ma Tingting told reporters that allergic diseases are systemic diseases that accumulate organs throughout the body, diarrhea, abdominal pain, migraine, oral ulcers, palpitations, hyperactivity and other clinical symptoms are sometimes related to allergies.
Is the allergic disease process regular?
"Medically, there is an 'allergic process' that refers to allergic diseases that usually start with atopic dermatitis and then progress to IgE-mediated food allergies, asthma and allergic rhinitis."Of course, with age, some patients with allergic symptoms will have a tendency to relieve and self-healing."Ma'am said.
In particular, experts remind that from the perspective of prevention of allergies, more contact with the natural environment is very beneficial."Research shows that people exposed to the natural environment have a lower incidence of allergies.And Aaron said,
Experts generally said that as part of nature, humans live in harmony with bacteria, pollen, dust and other microorganisms, and cannot live completely aseptic, and our immune system needs to be stimulated by nature's complex substances to make it stronger.
"It's important to understand that not all microbes are harmful and that certain bacteria and microbes are critical to human health, helping our immune system learn to recognize real threats."Martinez emphasized it again.
When cleaning and disinfection, it is recommended to use mild, harmless detergents instead of strong disinfectants.Ma explained that excessive use of antibacterial products can lead to the development of resistant strains and may also interfere with the body's own microbiome."You can choose cleaning products labeled 'biodegradable' that are environmentally friendly and have less impact on the human microbiome.”
In the prevention and treatment of allergies, in addition to the use of antihistamine drugs, many patients also choose Chinese medicine treatment.