The current industrial management system is basically the product of the reform of the government system in 1998.After some adjustments, most of the state-level industrial management departments became national associations, such as China Machinery Industry Association, China Iron and Steel Industry Association, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association.Others, such as China National Nuclear Industry Corporation, China Aerospace Industry Corporation, China Arms Industry Corporation, and China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (later reformed within this framework), are still relatively intact.At the local level, the majority evolved into associations, with a small number retaining industry management offices, preferably with the creation of industrial promotion bureaus (very few).It should be said that the reform of various sectors of industrial exports is the most thorough, and the original planned economic management model has been completely broken.
To say that it is the industrial management department is just a statement of planned economyIn fact, it is very wrong, and the exact statement should be that the industrial services sector (even the industrial guidance sector can not talk about it).While still playing an important role at the national level, its voice has been greatly diminished.Most of the provincial level has been converted into associations, and not much has been done.The city and county levels have basically lost their role, and the withdrawal and annexation of the merger have not survived much.
After the reform of the system, state-owned industrial enterprises lost their mother-in-law, gave full play to their enthusiasm and initiative, and achieved very considerable results.In particular, in order to meet the challenge of WTO accession, governments at all levels have completely lifted the institutional and institutional constraints on industrial enterprises.The central government's decision proved to be very correct.Our businesses have learned to swim in the World Trade Organization's oceans, and they swim well.Especially since last year, the rate of profit growth of state-owned enterprises has exceeded that of private and foreign enterprises, which fully shows that the reform of state-owned enterprises has been successful.Breaking the restrictions of each block can enhance the vitality of the enterprise, and only in this way can the enterprise practice its internal merit for development.
With a flick of the finger, it has been five years since I entered the world.The situation of industrial production in the whole country is very good, but it is accompanied by some problems.It is normal to have problems, things are always changing and developing in contradictions.There can be no permanent things, and there can be no law that is always right, which is the basic attitude of our understanding of problem analysis and problem solving.The author analyzes these problems and concludes that it is necessary to rebuild the industrial authorities.Limited to the knowledge of the author, there are inevitable mistakes and errors, please correct the leaders and comrades.
First, the market requires an industrial authority.
With the growth of enterprises, new problems have arisen.This is reflected in:
First, the biggest difficulty for enterprises at present is that there is no long-term system for communication with the governmentThe development of non-governmental industry associations that have formed spontaneously between enterprises has just begun, and the comprehensive industry associations that evolved from the original industrial export authorities have limited impact.The surviving industrial sector has no function and has very little voice.Except for a few companies that can establish a better communication mechanism with the government, and some companies can use special renovation, on-site work, and New Year's holidays to communicate with the government, most companies can not communicate with the government.
At present, the management of industrial enterprises is highly decentralized and independent.Development and Reform Commission project, environmental protection bureau pollution, technical quality supervision bureau quality…It looks like the government has been monitoring it all, but it's not.The reality is that everyone is in charge and nobody cares.Everyone is in charge, it means that each department is managing all aspects of the production and sales of the enterprise; everyone does not care, it means that each department only cares about its own parts, and no one cares about the overall situation of the enterprise.
Third, due to the absence of relevant government departments and the inadequate and unauthoritative organization of industry associations, the current enterprises have scattered sand and fought separately.The gradual rise in iron ore import prices and the annual decline in rare earth export prices are typical examples of foreign enterprises.The disorderly competition in the market eventually caused huge losses to Chinese companies.
Of course, this is not entirely to blame for the inadequacy of the relevant departments.Objectively, due to the highly fragmented management system, no sector can come up with an industry-recognized, authoritative and enforceable approach.The on-site office and department joint meeting system is only suitable for special affairs and is not a long-term mechanism.If there is a need for an institution to remain in existence for a long time, that institution is indispensable.
If such a comprehensive and comprehensive institution is needed, it can analyze the overall situation of the enterprise, upload the problems encountered in the enterprise operation in time, provide guidance or long-term planning for the enterprise.There are only two models: one is a highly mature industry association in Europe and the United States.But this model takes a long time, and China's industry associations are far from mature: the second is the government sector.
Under the guidance of a small government and a large society, there are very few institutions set up by the industrial estates government.In the case of the Development and Reform Commission's Industrial Division's Equipment Division, where a national equipment policy is formulated, there will be only one Director, two Deputy Directors and one civil servant.With such a huge task, how can these four people accomplish it independently?They can only be commissioned by national professional associations.But the biggest problem is that trade associations will only start from the interests of the industry, it is impossible for other industries to consider, the state can not formulate preferential policies for all industries, so the opinions of trade associations should be carefully reviewed.Especially in the case of China's market legal system construction is still not perfect, it is impossible to rule out the "power rent-seeking" and "secret operation" of enterprises and associations.Since it is still up to the government departments to beat the board, from the perspective of ensuring fairness and fairness, but also in order to easily distinguish responsibilities, the author prefers to set up government departments at the national level.
It is better at the national level and worse at the local level.Local trade associations simply do not have the appeal of a national association, nor do they have as many experts.The provincial and municipal development and reform commission equipment office to listen to the opinions of local industry associations, is not comprehensive or authoritative, and there are only considering the members of the association.In order to ensure the authority of policies (without operational policies, there is no authority), to ensure the implementation of policies, and to ensure effective connection with the central leadership, I prefer to set up local government departments.
Which department is better to manage?To be honest, none of the authorities currently have sufficient experience to manage it.Because each department is independent, there is a lack of necessary understanding of the process flow of an enterprise in an industry, let alone investigation and research.Without investigation, there is no voice, let alone comprehensive management and control?To give a simple example: the environmental protection department, the technical supervision department on the lack of understanding of the plating industry.These high-energy and high-pollution enterprises belong to the scope of national policy restrictions, but they are indispensable basic links in the industrial chain.The Environmental Technology Supervision Department only knows that fines are imposed in accordance with the policy, but it does not know that these enterprises have very thin profits.Many enterprises are unable to start environmental protection equipment, so they have to produce while paying fines.Can't we solve it?
There are only two ways to make enterprises clean production: first, strict laws and regulations, which must be enforced and prohibited.This is an external cause; the second is a reasonable discharge cost, which is an internal cause.The inner cause always plays a decisive role, so it is easy to solve the key problem.There is no need for national policy exemptions and no need for government tax exemptions.It is only necessary to establish a unified electroplating industry base, centralize the electroplating enterprises to unify production and discharge, and then introduce a sewage treatment plant to treat sewage.Environmental technology supervision department inspection is also relieved, save the game of "cat catching mice".(The current situation is that many small businesses are hiding in very hidden places to avoid regulation.)Law enforcement costs have increased, and law enforcement is inefficient.）
There is a department familiar with the situation of the enterprise, that is, the original industry authority machinery industry bureau.Many personnel are selected from enterprises, have a full understanding of enterprises, and can resolutely implement policies and make reasonable suggestions for enterprises.However, similar departments throughout the country are currently unemployed or incompetent and belong to vulnerable sectors.Although Wuhan Machinery Promotion Office has called for this many times, it has been ineffective.
Now the market requires a comprehensive government planning and management department that reflects the views of the enterprise to the upper level.Companies generally feel a lack of voice and communication channels.Policymakers lack in-depth understanding of enterprises, some of which are brainstorming decisions, others are big words, no substance, and no operational.Today's enterprises are not just for a little policy preferences, they require a fair market environment, transparent sunshine operation, smooth and efficient communication channels.How bad is communication?Individual enterprises have even called for representatives of the National People's Congress and CPPCC members of the industry, which cannot but make people think deeply.