I took a Ph.D. political class called Technological Revolution and Marxism, and I never went to the classroom to listen to lectures.The teacher assigned the assignment for the subject, to hand in the assignment, to put together the following, his own words only a small part (picking up the matter itself, is it against academic ethics?)。
As a first-class university doctoral student, it is still in its infancy in the academic field, which is a good academic ethics and academic discipline of the academic ecological chain, and it is of great significance to China's academic development.
I. Academic Ethics
Morality refers to the sum of norms of behavior that rely on the power of public opinion, traditional customs and people's inner beliefs to adjust people's interrelationship with each other based on the evaluation of good and evil.By establishing certain standards of good and evil, it restricts people's interrelationship and individual behavior, regulates social relations, and plays a role in guaranteeing the normal order of social life with the law.On May 10, last year, the Ministry of Education issued the Opinion on Establishing a Socialist View of Honor and Disgrace to Further Strengthen Academic Morality Construction, which pointed out: "Strengthening academic ethics construction has important practical significance.Academic ethics is the basic ethical norm of scientific research, an important guarantee for improving academic standards and research capabilities, and plays an important role in enhancing independent innovation ability and promoting academic prosperity and development." A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the first half of 2006 showed that 77.39% of academicians gave "very severe" and "comparatively severe" evaluations of the current scientific research ethics in China.Some institutions have become safe havens and umbrellas for the protectionism of academic misconduct units in China, and some of them have turned a blind eye to the alleged academic misconduct of teachers in their institutions.
PhD students should have the following academic ethics:
Honest and objective.In the collection, recording, analysis and interpretation of information, the results of the open, dissemination, the results of the audit, evaluation and other stages, should be realistic and objective honesty.It is strictly prohibited to fabricate or tamper with the information or materials obtained by faithfully observing and recording the information obtained in the experiment.Statistical methods should not be abused to exaggerate the importance of research results when analysing, structuring and presenting data using statistical methods.A research plan or doctoral thesis should be presented truthfully.No propaganda of feudal superstition and pseudoscience may be borrowed in the name of science.Irrational expressions shall not appear in observation records and statements of fact.
Strictly serious.Strict attitude and style should be maintained in scientific research work.The presentation of results should be objective.In the event of omission or error in the work (in print or published in public), the author is obliged to report it to the relevant person and institution in a timely manner and to implement effective remedies (e.g., correction, supplementation or withdrawal of the paper).To put forward a major innovation theory must provide solid factual basis and theoretical argument, and scientific and ethical arguments must be made for applied research that may have a significant social or environmental impact.Research results without rigorous scientific verification or peer review should not be hyped in the public media or hastily promoted to avoid wasteful and destructive social consequences of scientific resources.No commercial advertising for immature scientific research achievements that have not been strictly scientifically tested, misleading consumption and harming the public interest.
Open, confidential and intellectual property rights.Comply with state laws and regulations on confidentiality and intellectual property rights.Protect the intellectual property rights of others, and do not use or copy pirated publications, images, software, etc.Respect the achievements of others who have not yet obtained intellectual property rights, and protect the achievements of others who have not yet obtained intellectual property rights.Under the premise of confidentiality and intellectual property rights protection, in accordance with the principles of scientific disclosure of information, ideas, theories and results, exchanges and discussions will be strengthened.Actively fulfill the obligation to disseminate scientific knowledge to the public, correct all kinds of wrong ideas and opinions, and improve the public's scientific appreciation.
Citation norms shall not constitute the main part or core content of creative works.In the substantive part of a paper, work, project application, research report, etc., the citation must be approved by the original author or indicated in an appropriate form.Unreviewed literature shall not be transferred to its own catalogue of citations or bibliographies, nor shall it be included in the catalogue of citations for the purpose of increasing citation rates.
The right to sign and acknowledge only those who have made substantial contributions to the research results (from the selection of topics, design, experimentation, calculation to the completion of important work to draw the necessary conclusions) are eligible to sign the paper.Appreciation should be given to persons who have contributed to the study but have not made substantive contributions and should not be included in the list of authors.A person who does make a substantial contribution to a signatureable outcome may not be deprived of his or her right of signature for any reason other than at his or her own request or confidentiality.Collaborative research results should be based on the size of the creative contribution to research results, or according to the practice of subject signature, the order of collaborative product completion units and authors (patent publishers, achievement completers).The signatory shall be responsible for the correctness and legality of the content of the results.Any achievement shall be reviewed by all signatories prior to publication; unless the responsibility of the different authors is clearly stated, the responsibility of the achievement for error or deception rests with all signatories.No more than one manuscript, that is, the same paper, work or substantially the same substance must not be submitted simultaneously to multiple publishers or conferences for publication.Once a draft is found, the signatory should make a public apology and accept the punishment of the publisher, and should also accept the relevant treatment of the school.No one should use their scientific and technological resources and conditions (such as funding, scarce laboratory reagents, sophisticated laboratory equipment, or hard-to-access materials) as a means of forcing researchers to "cooperate" with them.
Maintaining the school's reputation.Spend the main time and energy on teaching, research and related activities under the mandate.Participating in various academic activities should consciously protect the reputation and interests of the school, and use the name of the university according to the school regulations.If the name of the University is to be used to identify itself when participating in an off-campus collaborative academic activity, it should ensure that it is not misunderstood that the University recognizes or is responsible for the activity, product or publication.
II. Academic cultivation
The original meaning of the word "cultivation" includes self-cultivation, self-reflection, cultivation of conduct and cultivation of morality.Marxism gives a new meaning to "cultivation", that is, to educate and reform oneself.Academic cultivation refers to the habit of diligent academic research and the academic research consciousness of creative research on valuable academic problems.
PhD students should have the following academic qualifications:
Strengthen the sense of historical mission and social responsibility to devote to science and technology and serve the society.Doctoral students should be involved in the grand cause of the national rejuvenation of science and education, and strive to climb the scientific peak with the mission of cultivating talents, prospering academia, developing advanced culture and advancing social progress.We must strengthen our sense of responsibility, treat the fame and profit in academic research correctly, and combine the development of individual career with the development needs of the state and nation.
Adhere to the factual scientific spirit and rigorous academic attitude.We must be faithful to the truth, seek true knowledge, consciously safeguard academic dignity and academic reputation.We should follow the basic norms of academic research, take knowledge innovation and technological innovation as the direct goal and driving force of scientific research, and take academic value and innovation as the standard for measuring academic standards.In academic research, we must adhere to a serious, meticulous and meticulous scientific attitude, and oppose the impetuous style and behavior of speculating, crude and blindly pursuing quantity regardless of quality.
The concept of legislative system is established to protect intellectual property rights and respect the labor and rights of others.We must strictly discipline ourselves, quote and apply the research results of others in accordance with relevant academic norms, and must not plagiarize or plagiarize other people's research results.
Dare to say no to teachers who violate academic ethics and academic norms and actively strive to improve conditions where possible.Of course, this is not against respecting the good traditions of teachers."I love the truth, I love the truth more."
Be concerned about the cutting edge and hot spots in the subject area and try to make your own contribution.The big difference between Chinese and American doctoral students is that Chinese students are very good at exams, will cross jobs, but in terms of innovation and hands-on work, they are lacking.