Today, participating in the logging of trees, the huge canopy fell into places where it should not be, and the night fell, frightening but cold and frightening.I remember that it was soon New Year's Day, followed by the Lunar New Year's Day, when the number of outings increased and safety came first.On Christmas Eve, I would like to share with you the section "Safety and Risk Avoidance of Field Surveys" of my Biodiversity Survey course handout, wishing everyone well, and asking the industry's top people to correct mistakes in order to improve teaching.
Conducting field investigations, entering unfamiliar areas from familiar places, reducing safety and increasing risk, must master the basic skills of identifying risks, preventing risks, responding to risks and emergency relief.
Identification of field investigation risks
Throughout the course of the field survey, there are risks, such as traffic hazards by car, operational risks of sample collection, food and lodging hazards, or camping in the wild.According to sources, the risks of field surveys include environmental hazards, plant and animal harm, and human-induced hazards.
(1) Environmental hazards
Environmental risk refers to the risk and harm caused by environmental factors such as weather, climate, and terrain.For example, mountain collapse, avalanches, floods, mudslides, sandstorms, snowstorms, thunderstorms, heavy rain and wind and sandstorms.
(2) biological injury
Biological damage is caused by the invasion and harm of animals, plants and microorganisms.For example, animal attacks, snake bites, venomous ants and other poisonous small animals stings; thorn stab wounds, poisonous plant juice, odor injuries, pollen allergies; viruses, bacterial infections and miasma, and poisoning caused by eating poisonous vegetables and mushrooms.
Biological damage is common, light is unbearable, and heavy is life-threatening.Do not approach wild animals, if unexpected, to avoid in time; do not freely reach into tree holes, rock crevices, to prevent snake bites.Enter the rich vegetation area, treat clothes and equipment with mosquito repellent in advance, tie the top into the waist of the pants, put the legs into the boots and socks, tighten the neckline, cuffs. The old saying "hitting grass and frightening snakes" is very useful, so you may want to try it.
(3) artificial injury
Artificial injury refers to the risk of the investigator's own cause and the risk of strangers in the investigation area.The investigators' own risk factors include physical exhaustion, lack of supplies and unidentified routes; accidental traffic accidents such as driving, climbing, sprains, falls, injuries; burns, sharp weapons injuries; poisoning or other diseases caused by eating and drinking.Investigate the risks of strangers in the area, including car robberies in unsafe areas, money-intended road robberies, disputes and fights caused by careless words and actions, and accidental traffic accidents.When dealing with strangers, be polite, humble, tolerant, vigilant and distance yourself.
Prevention of Field Survey Risks
There are risks in field investigations, but the vast majority of risks are preventable and avoidable.Before conducting a field survey, there should be sufficient awareness to prevent, reduce or eliminate risks.
(1) Ensure that the physical condition is appropriate for investigation.For example, people with chronic diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease should not participate in the field survey of mountains and plateau above 3,500 meters above sea level.
(2) Receive safety technical operating procedures training, with protection, self-help, mutual rescue and other basic emergency skills.
(3) Belt can meet the actual needs of positioning, communication equipment, master its use.Geological compass or simple compass, mobile phone is the usual positioning communication equipment.Many of the areas surveyed in the field lacked cell phone signals, using satellite phones, or walkie-talkies whenever possible.
(4) Prepare adequate food, water, batteries, medicines, first aid supplies, and personal protective equipment.Food, water and batteries should be backed up to make a two-day trip.Try to wear bright, fast-drying, warm clothing suitable for field work, shoes and socks, sun hats, rain gear, backpacks and light gloves, knives, drinking water filters.In high mountains, snow, desert areas, to carry wind and sand, strong light, burns, lack of oxygen, frostbite, heat stroke and snow blindness and other equipment supplies.In wetlands and waters, equipment and facilities should be prepared to prevent falling into mud, save lives on water, and temporarily cross rivers.
(5) Familiar with the topography, surface cover, roads and settlements of the survey area, design round-trip routes and predict road conditions.Conduct field investigation in valleys, rivers, low-lying areas or rainy season to do a good job in flood prevention and disaster prevention.If you have to stay overnight in the wild, choose a campsite should avoid areas that may be hazardous to winds, avalanches, falling rocks, landslides, floods, flooding and other hazards.
(6) Pay attention to the weather forecast, try to choose the appropriate weather to travel, before going out every day, to grasp the weather conditions of the day in the survey area.
(7) Communicate with local authorities or individuals, obtain access permission or first aid contact channels, enter uninhabited or small areas, and ensure that local guidance is available to develop safety and security measures.
(8) No other activities unrelated to the investigation will be undertaken or avoided as far as possible.For example, it is not appropriate to participate in or engage in temporary entertainment, diet, and social activities.
Responding to Field Survey Risks
(1) Remember the three principles of walking.
Three principles should be followed in the field survey walking process.The first is to eliminate risk-taking, safety first, task second, and mark where there may be lost.The second is "walking without sight, walking without sight."Field investigation is inevitably observed and recorded during walking, and it is easy to slip and fall, resulting in injury.To avoid accidents, you must concentrate on one thing, focus on the road when moving, and stand firm when observing the record.Three: "Look at the two slow three through."Take a look at the front, whether there are steep cliffs, slopes, caves, mire, stumbling stones, fallen trees, vines and thorns, and whether there are wild animals and poisonous snakes and insects and poisonous grasses.Second slow refers to crossing steep cliffs, slopes, caves, mire, or when traveling in dense forests, do not rush, confirm safety and reliability before moving, if you can not rule out danger, do not rush forward.Three means to ensure that it is safe and feasible before moving forward.
(2) Disorientation and escape.
In open deserts, swampy wetlands, dense forests, or steep sloping cliffs, it is easy to get lost and find your way forward.When you encounter disorientation or can't find your way forward, be calm and calm, mark with vegetation, branches, stones, etc., and then try to find your way out of trouble.
First, use positioning and communication equipment to determine their specific location, contact the outside world, and call for rescue.If you can't get in touch, you should create a distress signal in an open area or high on a ridge, such as a smoke, flash, loud sound, or draw a distress symbol such as "SOS" on a flat surface.
Then decide where you are and where you are going.In the northern hemisphere, the shadow of the sun moves from west to east, and the direction of the sun and objects can be roughly determined by the shadow of the sun and objects.Using the watch's hour hand and minute hand can determine the direction, the specific operation is to place the watch horizontally, the hour hand points to the sun, and the angle bisector between the hour hand and 12 o'clock indicates north-south direction.Sunlight, temperature, and humidity leave orientation marks on the plant, and grass grows tall and lush near the stump, trunk, and large rocks, and the bark is generally rougher in the south than in the glossy north.Using these marks, the direction can be roughly determined.In the desert, sand dunes and ridges face the wind more gently leeward face steeper.The northwest wind prevails in northwestern China, and the sand dunes generally move from northwest to southeast, and the slope of the sand dunes is small and hard.
Once the orientation is determined, if there is no external assistance, take the initiative to find the way out.Based on the topographical environment of the pre-learning memory and the places that you walk before you lose your way, determine the direction and route of getting out of trouble.In mountainous environments, you can get out of the mountains and forests through the direction of water flow, but the ravines often have steep cliffs, which are not suitable for passage, and may also encounter floods.The insurance method is to go to the nearest high ground, look at the terrain research to make the way out, and even get a communication signal.Along the way, make sure to mark in case you get lost again or provide clues for foreign aid workers.
(3) Floods and fires
Threatened by flooding, pack the necessary light items or put them high if time permits.Time is running out. Evacuate immediately.For example, climb trees or rocks to avoid flooding.If you are trapped in a flood, don't wade across the river easily, and try to take a detour.Unfortunately, they fall into the water, catch floating objects such as trees in the torrent, drift down, swim to the river at a slower place such as a river bay, and climb up the riverbank.