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from: tainan
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from: taoyuan
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from: Kaohsiung
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from: hongkong
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from: yunlin
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from: Kaohsiung
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from: london
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from: taizhong
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from: Kaohsiung
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2023-10-13 08:54:32 | onclick: | Doctor of Medical Statistics finds low sodium salt to prevent stroke |
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Replacing salt with low sodium reduces stroke risk for hypertensive or previous strokes, according to a groundbreaking study published at the 2021 annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology. Increased sodium intake and decreased potassium intake are associated with increased risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and premature death.Salt alternatives, which replace sodium chloride with potassium chloride in common salt, have been shown to lower blood pressure, but their effects on heart disease, stroke and death are uncertain.There are also concerns about hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, leading to arrhythmia and sudden death. Salt alternatives and stroke studies (SSaSS) compared the effects of salt alternatives and routine salt on stroke, cardiovascular events, mortality and clinical hyperkalemia.SSaSS is an open, clustered randomized study that recruited participants between April 2014 and January 2015.The subjects were adults with a history of stroke or with poor blood pressure control aged 60 and older. The study, jointly conducted by Australian, British, U.S. and Chinese scientific institutions, was conducted in 600 rural areas in five provinces.Approximately 35 people were recruited from each village, with a total of 20,995 participants.Participants were randomly grouped in groups of villages on a 1:1 scale, using salt substitutes or continuing to ingest common salt.The average age of the participants was 65.4 years, 49.5% of whom were women, 72.6% had a history of stroke and 88.4% had a history of hypertension. Participants in the intervention group were given free salt alternatives (about 75% sodium chloride and 25% potassium chloride) and recommended for use in all cooking, flavoring and food preservation.They were also encouraged to use more salt alternatives, thereby reducing sodium intake to a greater extent.Another group of participants continued their salt habits. In an average of 4.74 years of follow-up, more than 3,000 strokes, more than 4,000 deaths and more than 5,000 major cardiovascular events occurred.Salt alternatives reduce stroke risk compared to ordinary salt.In terms of secondary outcomes, salt substitutes reduced the incidence and total mortality of major cardiovascular events (non-fatal stroke, non-fatal acute coronary syndrome, etc.). In terms of safety, the clinical hyperkalemia caused by salt substitutes did not increase the risk of serious adverse events, nor did any other risk be identified. "This study provides clear evidence for an intervention that can be implemented very quickly at very low cost.Bruce Neal, lead researcher at the George Global Health Institute in Sydney, Australia, said: "The recent simulation in China predicts that 365,000 strokes and 461,000 premature deaths could be avoided annually if salt alternatives prove effective.We have now shown that it is effective and that salt alternatives can be used by more people and bring greater benefits.” "The results are particularly exciting because salt substitution is one of the few practical ways to change the amount of salt in people's diets.Other interventions to reduce salt intake have difficulty in achieving significant and sustained results."Neal added. Importantly, salt alternatives are easy to manufacture and inexpensive."It's mainly low-income and vulnerable groups that add a lot of salt to food preparation and cooking," Neal said.This means that salt substitutes have the potential to reduce health inequalities associated with cardiovascular disease."
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