"Made in Germany" is something that is envied by people in China. It is a symbol of quality, safety, beauty and confidence.From small objects of "double stand man" knives to German cars; from grain in the fields to food on the table; from the beautiful bike lanes on the asphalt to the city's centuries-old architecture, ……Germany is using "made in Germany" quality to convey the German wisdom, seriousness and rigor.Behind the quality of German manufacturing is a huge vocational education system.Germany is a country that attaches great importance to vocational education, and they are proud to say that German workers in all walks of life have their own certificates.Germans believe that they are a resource-poor country, and that only by constantly improving the quality and skills of people and constantly providing the world with high-quality, high-tech products can they be invincible in the world.Germany has entered the vocational graded education stage since junior high school.Germany's secondary schools are divided into three types: liberal arts and science, eight years of study, graduates can directly enter the university with high school grades, its outstanding students can enter Germany's best comprehensive university.Students from general middle schools and practical middle schools can directly enter universities of applied technology.Germany stipulates that companies must have vocational education certificates issued by trade associations or handicraft associations to recruit new employees.
The vocational education of practical middle school and applied technology university is carried out in enterprises, and its educational background is carried out in schools, so it is called "double track system".The dual-track system is a kind of vocational education mode in which enterprises are the main ones, enterprises work closely with society and schools, and all walks of life.This education is generally required for German secondary school students to graduate and take part in work.This kind of education is carried out in the actual position of the enterprise, by teachers transfer technology, students themselves to study, fixed time to various technical vocational schools to learn cultural theory and legal knowledge until graduation.Students graduate with examinations and vocational training certificates organized by the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The German Chamber of Commerce and Industry was established in 1861 as an association of enterprises. After the merger of East and West Germany, there were 83 regional organizations.The Chamber of Commerce and Industry is an independent legal person, funded by the Government and paid by enterprises.Germany requires any enterprise to join the Chamber of Commerce and Industry or the Handicraft Association.
Now German universities of applied technology are also introducing vocational training-style vocational skills education system.During the six semesters at the University of Applied Technology, students work one semester in an enterprise and five semesters in a university.In university study, practical teaching content accounts for more than 40% of all teaching content, and its graduation thesis is also related to enterprises' need for technology.The vocational education of German universities of applied technology requires more than 5 years of working experience in enterprises, and generally has the qualification of teaching.In fact, learning enterprises have a strong sense of responsibility, can access the most needed, most advanced technology and skills of the enterprise.
I have asked "Why do companies like to accept internships?""Consultation with German experts.The conclusion is: First, the enterprise vision to promote.German enterprises believe that high-quality, high-skilled talent is the necessary condition for enterprise innovation and development, and every enterprise has an obligation to participate in such a talent training system.Although those who come to their own company as interns do not necessarily come to work in their own company in the future, because all companies are doing this work, the end result is that each company can find the talent they need.Second, the rules of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.It is the obligation of enterprises to accept students' internships and give them specific guidance. It is the requirement of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.Third, the spirit of the German contract.Germans believe that others will abide by the law and discipline, and must abide by the law and discipline themselves. Only in this way can a contract society and a society governed by law be formed.German companies believe that German companies train professionals for society.
The dual-track system of German vocational education is the essence of German education and the most vital place of German education.In recent years, the German University of Applied Technology is piloting the "two-track" talent training in some majors, with obvious results.While admiring these practices and achievements, we find that vocational education in our country cannot be copied, or even imitated.The reason is simple: our company lacks substantial vision and long-term development plans.Businesses are only willing to accept ready-made college students, but they are not willing to pay the price.This may require institutional constraints at the government level and institutional development at the legal level.But as far as universities are concerned, especially those other than Engineering 211, there are still a lot of things to learn from the German applied technology universities.First, the construction of "double-teacher-type" teachers.At present, colleges and universities in China do not pay attention to the training and construction of skilled and professional teachers, and they are not interested in introducing or using experienced engineers.Colleges and universities are more willing to enter a number of Ph.D.s. from school to school.To tell the truth, although our country's doctor has a strong thesis writing ability, but the practical ability and even teaching ability absolutely dare not flatter.This shows that Chinese universities still pay attention to the promotion of the level of development, but not the position of talent training.Second, internship, training base construction.At present, Chinese enterprises do not have the enthusiasm to cultivate talents, and enterprises do not have the energy to do these things.However, it is possible to build some bases with professional characteristics and practical significance through cooperation between universities and enterprises.The key here is to be pragmatic and down-to-earth, not to deal with inspections, so that the internship and training base can truly become a platform for talent training.Third, the creation of application projects.In the internship and training platform, enterprises and universities to form a consensus on talent training, the most advanced technology in the enterprise, the most need to overcome the difficulties, put into the internship and training platform for students to study and study.In conclusion, our application-skilled talents must learn the spirit of German Applied Technology University, and cultivate students' professional ability and potential for career development for the sake of the present and future.