University power can be divided into different types of power according to different classification methods, such as political power, administrative power, academic power, student power, etc.However, if we start from the big categories, the power of universities can basically be divided into two categories: administrative power and academic power.Any power can bring about adjustment of benefits, so any power should have boundaries, constraints and supervision.If power has no boundaries, no constraints, no supervision, it will lose its own rationality, go to irrationality, and bring serious negative, even for the organization, for the society and the power itself.University power, as a kind of power, also has all the attributes of power. Therefore, university power must also be operated in the cage of institutions, under the sun.
It is not difficult in itself to put university power in the cages of institutions.However, at present, the power of Chinese universities is extremely alienated. The outstanding performance is that the administrative power is unlimited and the administrative power is monopolized.This shows that the decentralization system, checks and balances system, supervision system and error correction system have lost their effectiveness.At present, China is restructuring the institutional cage of university power, including the Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft Proposal for Revision) (2013), the Provisional Measures for Formulation of Articles of Association of Higher Education (2012).These systems aim to add a cage to the power of universities, and finally realize the separation of powers, checks and balances, supervision and error correction.Why is China still unable to effectively restrain and supervise the power of universities in the present day when the system is implemented?I think the main reason is that our system of decentralization is not in place and the supervision system is not thorough.Specifically, in terms of decentralization checks and balances, there is no actual decentralization of power at the school level, at best, only a kind of authorization.The authorization of the Party committee to the principal and his committee, the principal to the academic committee, the superior to the subordinate, etc.Such authorization is characterized by randomness, timeliness and timeliness.But the substantial decentralization must be independent power, is equal checks and balances of power, without independence and checks and balances, power can not achieve real restraint.The executive power exerciser can fully recover the delegated power according to the time and circumstances.In terms of supervision, the existing system includes supervision by superiors, supervision by subordinates, supervision by peers, etc.The supervision of lower levels, such as the supervision of the provincial education administration department and the supervision of the competent departments, has evolved into self-protection and self-expansion of administrative power.
In order to realize the real separation of powers, each power subject must have independent power, so that the balance between powers can be achieved.Thus, at present, China's universities do not have the nature of decentralization of power, our disciplinary committee, trade unions do not have the supervisory functions in this regard.The institutional cage of university power operation basically does not exist.
To put power under the sunshine to operate is essentially to perfect and strengthen the system of power.The essence is to strengthen the system by using the power of the people, the power of the public and the power of the media.Its most important measures are information disclosure, including information disclosure, procedures disclosure, participation of teachers and students, and higher authorities responsible to the masses.China began to implement the "Information Disclosure Measures for Higher Institutions" on September 1, 2010, but at present, the system has not been substantially realized.Article 7 of the Law stipulates that public matters must be disclosed, in particular, "financial, asset and financial management system, source of funds for schools, budget and settlement of accounts for annual expenses, use and management of financial funds and donated property."We can't check most of the university's budget and final accounts through the university's official website, let alone the specific "three public" data.In this way, in the case of information inequality, the civilian supervisory power will not be able to start.
When university leaders are accountable to the staff, teachers and students have the power to remove the president, perhaps the power of the university is "sunlighted" and the system of university power is effective.