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2021-12-06 17:17:45 | onclick: | Literature review and literature use

From the psychological empirical papers (or research papers) I reviewed and reviewed, they often have some obvious deficiencies. For example, the basis of topic selection is far fetched, the basis of argument is inappropriate, the research hypothesis is arbitrary, the statistical analysis is complex, the discussion is not worthy of the name, and the prospect is rarely meaningful. The root of these deficiencies is actually common, that is, the author fails to use the literature correctly and effectively. The misunderstanding and misuse of literature are mainly reflected in the literature review part of the introduction.

Perhaps, "literature review" itself is an inappropriate statement. Because there is a kind of paper called "review", the introduction of many empirical papers is also written according to the review, and even another title "literature review" equal to the introduction is written, which is similar to the content of "review", so as to lay out many documents that have little or even no relationship with their own research. This is the reason why the introduction of some empirical papers is too much.

Therefore, the introduction of the empirical paper takes "Introduction" as the title, and do not use the title of "literature review" under it or in parallel with it, which is a measure to avoid turning the introduction into a review. Of course, when writing, the paper structure and title can be handled flexibly. The paper structure referred to here is "Introduction - Method - result - Discussion", in which each part is a primary title, and each part can have secondary and tertiary titles.

Psychological researchers should be clear about the role of each part of the empirical paper. For example, the introduction is to demonstrate their own research problems. The key here is argument, not summary. Argumentation naturally requires arguments and arguments, although the order of presentation of arguments and arguments depends on the situation. The author's core argument to demonstrate is his own research problem. In order to form and put forward their own research problems, other arguments and arguments are needed - they come from the literature, or literature.

This makes it clear that the introduction of the empirical paper is to demonstrate its own research problems with literature. At this time, the literature used has clear pertinence, that is, effectiveness - although it is also required that the literature used should not be biased, that is, only the literature with positive or negative results should not be used, it is not necessary to quote as many literatures in relevant fields as possible, let alone provide a comprehensive background of research problems.

How to use literature correctly and effectively? Here are four suggestions - actually four requirements.

First, really read the literature. For the literature used in his own paper, the author should have really read, at least should even have really read the classic literature and the latest literature in the corresponding field. Reading the original literature takes time and energy, while many original literature in psychological research is in English, which takes more time and energy to read.

This reality will make some researchers preferentially consult others' dissertations to understand the research situation in relevant fields relatively quickly and easily. The effect of reading original literature and dissertation is obviously different. Degree papers and journal papers can play the role of prompting other literature, so that the author can search and consult the corresponding literature. Real reading literature can not only enable the author to accurately understand important concepts, but also enable the author to properly use basic literature.

Second, remember some materials. The premise of using literature is to read and remember the relevant literature, especially some specific contents of the literature. Therefore, on the one hand, the author should really read the literature, on the other hand, the author should remember some materials of the literature. From the perspective of reality, it is difficult to remember the literature materials, especially the paper materials. After all, there are too many literature materials, which are not as easy to master as the textbook materials. Therefore, many researchers may not have thought about remembering the literature materials at all and look for or search them when they think they need to.

However, without remembering some materials, especially those important materials, it is difficult for the author to use the literature comprehensively, and it will also affect the process of thinking and writing. In fact, as long as you study the literature carefully, you can naturally remember some important contents of the literature. Moreover, you can also use various auxiliary means to help yourself remember relevant materials. What researchers really need is the awareness and confidence to remember the literature.

Third, sort out the relevant literature. Researchers should often think about the literature they have read, especially the contents they remember, and express their thinking results in words, which is not only a manifestation of literature combing, but also a necessary prerequisite for the use of literature. If we don't think about and sort out the literature we have read, these literature can't work because it's difficult to use them in writing.

The learned relevant literature should become the basis and material for the author to think about problems and carry out research. Therefore, it is natural for the author to use relevant literature when writing papers. Those literature can appear in his mind at the right time. Even if the accuracy needs to be further checked, they can provide evidence for the author's specific views. In particular, the sorted literature will not have the problem of stacking in use.

Fourth, write your own words. This should not be a suggestion or requirement. The research paper is written by the author. However, when the author writes, it is easy to copy the ready-made text. There are corresponding contents in the existing literature. For example, the research results or conclusions are copied and slightly modified or even not modified, which has become part of his own paper. This phenomenon is more common in dissertations. Therefore, the practical suggestions and requirements for the correct and effective use of literature are that the author writes his own words.

In fact, any academic paper is different, and the author expounds and demonstrates his own views. Therefore, the expression in other people's papers should not meet the style or needs of his own papers. Therefore, the papers should be written by the author himself, rather than simply copying the words of others. If this is done, the use of literature will be appropriate.

In short, literature is the basis of empirical papers in psychology. If the author wants to use literature properly, he needs to really read literature, remember literature, think about literature and sort out literature. Especially, it is important to really understand the role of literature and write relevant words by himself.

 

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