By investigating the growth ways and education received by 96 academicians in academician thinking, we can see the contents of general training ways (personal choice, family edification, basic education, era guidance, etc.) and special training ways (University Foundation, scientific research training, innovation strategy, international ability, etc.). We will briefly explain the general training ways, It focuses on the special training ways, and puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions, in order to provide a useful reference for China to cultivate first-class technical scientists with excellent quality and scientific and technological talents to adapt to the future social development.

From the growth analysis of the cultivation of first-class technical scientists, we can think that colleges and universities must cultivate talents whose quantity, quality and knowledge structure must adapt to the changing social and economic life, and must embark on the track of improving quality and efficiency, that is, to promote students to have a solid foundation and broad knowledge, and fully develop students' personality and specialty, Focusing on cultivating students' creative spirit, competitive consciousness and adaptability, they can actively adapt to the current and better meet the needs of future economic and social development. Although this first-class technical scientist can not be fully revealed when he graduates from University, he must also go through the stages of master's and doctoral students, or go through a long time of exercise and test in the practice of serving the society after graduation, undergraduate education must lay a solid and decisive foundation for his growth. Especially the foundation of life values and social responsibility, and the solid foundation of a reasonable knowledge and ability structure to meet the needs of society. Academician Feng Chunbo, an automation expert, believes that his scientific literacy mainly benefits from solid scientific training, a lot of engineering practice and conscious philosophy learning. He received relatively strict and solid scientific training at the University (Zhejiang University is famous for advocating solid foundation and rigorous style of study) and at the graduate stage (Harbin University of technology and Leningrad University of Technology). A complete theoretical system, strict logical reasoning and exquisite theorem rules have a great impact on the formation of academician Feng Chunbo's scientific literacy. More importantly, the three universities he studied also pay special attention to theoretical research with engineering background, which makes him form the academic habit of studying engineering problems from a theoretical perspective. Solid theoretical training with engineering background has higher theoretical understanding than pure engineers, can grasp the key of problems, and is better at discovering practical problems and finding new breakthroughs than pure theoretical researchers [1].

So, how to effectively lay a solid University Foundation? After more in-depth research and face-to-face interview, we choose several key aspects that are often ignored, and put forward our ideas and measures.

1. Choice of educational thought

Educational thought is the educational understanding obtained by people through the observation, experience, thinking and practice of educational activities, and has guiding significance and decisive role in people's educational actions. It is a collective concept, which has a direct impact on all aspects of school education. Therefore, choosing a reasonable educational thought naturally becomes the first content to improve the quality of university teaching. Especially since the 21st century, with the deepening of social reform, the rapid development of modern science and technology, the intensification of competition in the international community, many obviously backward aspects of traditional education have been seriously impacted. At the same time, those educational ideas consistent with modern society are favored by people and gradually infiltrate into specific teaching practice. For example, knowledge and skill education is being replaced by literacy education, passive education is being replaced by active education, and the traditional knowledge type, professional type, "survival of the fittest" type and regional type are changing to modern ability type, generalist type and "development of the capable" And international transformation. There is no doubt that it is a historical necessity for modern educational thought to replace traditional educational thought, which conforms to the operation law of modern society and meets the needs of modern social development, but this does not mean the complete abandonment of traditional educational thought, because the essence of modern educational thought is based on traditional educational thought, It absorbs the essence of traditional educational thoughts and reflects the spirit of the new era. If we abandon the positive part of the traditional educational thought and blindly pursue the educational concept of "novelty", "fashion" and "strangeness", it will not only violate the basic purpose of modern educational thought to contain diversified educational thought, but also reduce the original educational thought to a groundless talk.

In addition to the rational choice of traditional and modern educational thoughts, there is also the rational choice of Chinese and western educational thoughts. We illustrate this view by comparing Chinese and American educational thoughts. China and the United States have very different traditional cultures, so their educational ideas are not consistent, which is mainly reflected in four aspects: ① Chinese educational tradition emphasizes step-by-step, rigorous and serious learning attitude, teachers follow the steps, teach tirelessly, and students follow the steps and learn tirelessly. This helps students to accumulate knowledge and lay a solid foundation, but it is relatively unfavorable to the cultivation of innovative consciousness. The United States advocates the learning attitude of experience penetration and independent thinking. Its characteristic is that students learn many new things bit by bit through their own experience. Although they are often unclear about the contents, the students trained have strong independent thinking ability and creativity, and are easy to reach the forefront of scientific development and meet the requirements of the development of modern society, But not as good as the former with a solid foundation; ② Chinese educational tradition pays more attention to deductive methods, advocates from theory to theory, and pays attention to the development of strong theoretical knowledge and ability; The American educational tradition emphasizes inductive method, from phenomenon to theory. Both methods are important and inseparable, but they play different roles in different stages of scientific activities; ③ From the above ②, it is inevitable that the Chinese educational tradition pays more attention to the training of theory and abstract ability, while the American educational tradition prefers the training of sub experiment and hands-on operation ability. On the one hand, the former has trained many very hard-working, well-trained and solid students, on the other hand, these students tend to regard science as a theoretical framework, I don't know that it is a living thing with flesh and blood. The latter encourages students' practical ability, because the United States is a country that encourages industrialists and believes that such talents are the backbone of society; ④ The Chinese educational tradition requires students to be modest, cautious and positive. As a result, the trained people are often self closed and dare not break the tradition and doubt the authority. The American educational tradition encourages students to doubt and seek differences, pay attention to the development of the reasonable core of the discipline in their study, and sublate the outdated or peak part, Make their own chaotic knowledge system quickly eliminate dross and fallacies, so as to make rapid progress. It can be seen that the traditions of China and the United States have their own characteristics and there is no distinction between advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, the advantages are often the disadvantages of the other. How to unify the two harmoniously will be a breakthrough in educational thought and is of great significance to cultivate talents with all-round development.

For improving the teaching quality of universities, we should also reasonably choose a series of modern ideas of higher engineering education, so that our educational thought can truly "face modernization, the world and the future".

(1) The foundation of course content. At present, science, technology, education and industry almost unanimously agree with the basic movement of curriculum content, believing that it is the only effective way to adapt to the rapid change of technology and the professional needs of engineering and technical talents. Moreover, with the passage of time after science and engineering students graduate, basic teaching becomes more and more important. The foundation mentioned here refers to the foundation with universal practical application value for scientific and technological talents, which roughly includes two categories: instrumental foundation and knowledge foundation. Mastering these two kinds of foundations means transforming them into relevant knowledge, skills and abilities. At present, strengthening basic teaching mainly lies not in the increase of quantity, but in the renewal and improvement of quality, that is, by adjusting the curriculum structure, simplifying the teaching content, improving the class efficiency, improving the teaching methods and using modern educational means, Cultivate students' independent learning ability and other measures to improve the quality of basic teaching.

(2) The integration of curriculum. This includes three aspects: one is interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary synthesis. The working objects of scientific and technological workers are mainly the scientific and technological system itself and the interface between the system and its environment, including their structure, organization, process and control. It is not only related to one discipline, but also often involves the comprehensive knowledge of multiple disciplines. Therefore, it is necessary to select and organize the curriculum of management, humanities and Social Sciences according to the social responsibilities of engineering and science, such as science and technology economics, science and technology sociology, ergonomics, science and technology aesthetics, etc; Second, the integration of disciplines within the science and technology system. Modern science and technology, especially high technology, such as microelectronics technology, energy technology and Bioengineering, is interdisciplinary. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out interdisciplinary and set up integrated core courses and establish a new teaching system; The third is the integration of all kinds of education, that is, strive to combine ethical and moral education, ideological and political education and labor practice education into teaching, so that the trained people have a strong sense of social responsibility, noble moral cultivation and professional ethics, strong professional ability, and become senior professionals required by modern society.

(3) Integration of science, technology and education. This is an educational system with a brand-new space-time structure, that is, it not only comprehensively considers education at all levels from undergraduate, master's, doctoral and post doctoral as well as continuing education at all levels, but also organically combines scientific and technological education, scientific and technological practice and scientific and technological research, that is, it can summarize and sort out newly created knowledge, Understand how to transform scientific and technological knowledge into social material products and services, and have the opportunity to participate in real (although much smaller than industrial scale) design and manufacturing projects in order to gain hands-on experience in this regard [2]. The specific approach is to truly turn the "Key Laboratory", "Engineering Research Center" and "innovation platform" currently focusing on scientific research into a new system integrating interdisciplinary science and technology education and science and technology research.

In short, the rational choice of educational thought is the fundamental to improve the quality of undergraduate education, which directly affects the decision-makers, teachers and students, mainly the decision-makers.

2. Determination of central disciplines

In today's era, on the one hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, the cycle of obsolete scientific knowledge is shortened; On the other hand, the cycle of transforming basic scientific achievements into new technologies, new products and new industries is also shortening day by day. Modern technology is a science intensive technology. Any new technology (especially high technology) comes from new discoveries and inventions of basic science and technical science. Modern industrial development requires engineering and technical talents not only to master a professional technology, but also to have a solid scientific theoretical foundation and high cultural literacy, understand economy and management, To meet the needs of modernization. Obviously, basic natural science, technical science and Humanities and social sciences play a very important role in improving the quality of Undergraduates in Universities of science and engineering. However, technological science should and must become the center of undergraduate teaching. Because basic science, humanities and social sciences are a broader foundation after all, without very strong directness and reality. The basic natural sciences of science and the humanities and social sciences of Liberal Arts in engineering colleges and comprehensive universities are not only far apart in depth and breadth, but also have different learning purposes. Therefore, it is obvious that undergraduate education in science and engineering universities cannot focus on basic natural sciences and Humanities and social sciences. As for engineering technology, of course, it is the basic content of undergraduate learning in science and engineering universities. However, although the current specialty setting of higher education in China has been adjusted many times, it is still too narrow and inappropriate. On the one hand, it is due to the long-term planned economy. On the other hand, the employer requires students to learn knowledge and skills close to the professional work they are engaged in, which is convenient for distribution to graduates and students can use them immediately after work. In fact, any professional engineering technology is developing and changing rapidly, which requires a wide range of subject knowledge. If we look at the science and engineering colleges and universities in most developed countries in the world under the market economy system, they basically exclude professional engineering technology from undergraduate education, which is worthy of our attention. Because of the rapid development of modern science and technology and the rapid change of professional engineering technology, only by highlighting the central position of technology and Science in the training process can we adapt to the development and change of science and technology. Undergraduates majoring in science and engineering with technology and science as the center have a wide range of employment options, and can also change careers or change careers at work. Under the condition of market economy, it is inevitable to change careers and industries. Therefore, it is not only necessary but also timely to improve the teaching quality and highlight the central position of technology and science.

The central position of technical science should be mainly reflected in the undergraduate teaching plan. The content of science and technology in China's higher science and engineering undergraduate teaching plan mostly adopts three stages, namely natural science course, technical science course and engineering technology course. Schools with different specifications have different emphases, and there is a strong relationship between the three stages. The basic course of natural science often needs the course of technical science as an intermediary and bridge to be applied to solve professional engineering and technical problems. Strengthening the foundation not only refers to the foundation of natural science, but also should pay special attention to the foundation of technical science, and take technical science as the leader to drive the basic natural science and engineering technology courses. It is emphasized that the construction of such main courses is the basic guarantee to improve the teaching quality of undergraduates. For example, the electrical technology specialty created by Southeast University takes the fundamentals of electricians, electromechanics, electronic technology and automatic control theory as the four main courses. Laying these foundations will undoubtedly help to effectively carry out research and engineering practice in a wide range of electrical engineering fields in the future. With the establishment of the socialist market economy and the strengthening of the research and development capacity of industrial enterprises, all industrial enterprises have their own engineering and technical expertise, compete with each other, keep secrets from each other, and protectionism as a guarantee. Their demand for professional engineering and technology courses is weakened. Then, the engineering technology courses in the undergraduate education plan will gradually give way to the technical science courses, so as to reduce to 5% - 10%, so as to really broaden the majors and enhance the adaptability of students. As for natural science courses and Humanities and social sciences courses, we should emphasize serving the technical science courses and setting a solid scientific and humanistic foundation for them. This requires careful design and overall arrangement. It is best to be taught by teachers majoring in natural science and social sciences with technical science background. In short, we should "command" and "connect" all the teaching plans of technical science courses, enrich and enrich the technical science courses with the courses of natural science, engineering technology and Humanities and Social Sciences, realize the reconstruction of the curriculum plan from all aspects, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the quality of undergraduate teaching. Based on these understandings, we can fully reflect the central position of technical science in the teaching plan through professional adjustment. We can start from the following aspects: ① while adhering to economic construction, we should pay full attention to the law of education, establish the idea of "University Subject", set up a series of multi-type courses centered on technical science courses in a wide professional field, and formulate a variety of training plans, so as to improve the mobility of talent training; ② Abolish the existing system of "teaching and research departments running majors" in the school, implement departments running majors, merge similar majors into professional categories or disciplines, and set up several professional directions in the later stage, which can be adjusted flexibly according to needs.