Strategy (i.e. overall plan or long-term objectives) and tactics (i.e. specific actions or steps) are terms derived from the field of war. Now they have been widely used in other fields, including scientific research and innovation. The functions of strategy and tactics and the relationship between them have long been recognized. Sun Tzu pointed out more than two thousand years ago: strategy is to win before war, and tactics is to break through weaknesses; Strategy without strategy is the slowest way to victory, while strategy without strategy is the noise before failure. In the previous blog post, we analyzed the strategies (or objectives) and effective ideas (or ways) of scientific research innovation from a micro perspective [see < my scientific research innovation strategies > < effective ideas of scientific research innovation >]. Next, we briefly describe the humanistic characteristics of the East and the West and the resulting ideas of scientific research and innovation, and then discuss the strategies and tactics of China's scientific research and innovation from a macro perspective, so as to provide suggestions for China to finally win the contemporary war of scientific research and innovation.

Eastern and western humanistic characteristics. The western humanistic characteristics can be summarized by the word "sensibility" (here, the West refers to the European and American countries that have made remarkable achievements in modern scientific research and innovation; in fact, in a broad sense, all countries except China have a certain "sensibility", but the latter is worse in scientific research and innovation). In other words, Westerners are perceptual people, western culture is perceptual culture, and Western society is perceptual society. Perceptual people are frank and frank (they gain an inch when they are good for themselves, and don't hesitate to lift the table and smash the pot when they are bad for themselves; they are absolutely unreasonable when they can't be reasonable, and they will be very reluctant to be reasonable only when there is no way at all), they are not affectionate (they can turn their face face and don't recognize others), and they are good at verbal expression (many Chinese women have little resistance to the rhetoric of Western men and rose chocolate. After being deceived, they find that there is an insurmountable gap between perceptual people / people with a low degree of evolution and rational people / people with a high degree of evolution in thinking, life and family concepts. Finally, they have to bite their teeth and swallow them in their stomach. This is also an aside). They pursue instant fun (it's inevitable that people like leisure but hate work and live beyond their means), advocate individualism (the concept of family and country is weak), and feel that it's natural for the weak to eat the strong. (Modern Chinese people lack a clear understanding of this, treat "perceptual" people as "rational" people like themselves, and underestimate the shamelessness and irrationality of "perceptual" people, so they have suffered great losses). The Oriental humanistic characteristics can be used as "rational" In other words, Oriental people are rational people, Oriental culture is rational culture, and Oriental society is rational society. Rational people are implicit and tolerant (it's hard to go around the world with reason, but it's hard to do without reason; a gentleman doesn't do anything with his mouth), pays attention to friendship (at least face-to-face), neglects verbal expression (often thought to be wooden), believes in hardship first and enjoyment last (being diligent and thrifty, taking precautions against a rainy day), and adheres to collectivism (family and country feelings) , they take it for granted to protect the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled. Frankly speaking, Oriental people were once perceptual people with developed limbs and simple mind. In the process of fighting against heaven, earth and people for thousands of years, Oriental people gradually realized that it was difficult to survive by fighting alone, and there was a way out by relying on cooperation and wisdom. In addition, the diversity of China's geographical environment provided Oriental people with resistance to foreign nationalities The natural barrier of aggression enables rational Orientals to win the final victory through strategic defense, stalemate and counterattack. On the contrary, the relatively flat and unitary terrain in Europe means the lack of natural barriers, and most disputes among ethnic groups end in the victory of those who are strong and developed in limbs; therefore, Westerners have not completed the transition from perceptual people to rational people.

Eastern and western scientific research innovation ideas. Western scientific research innovation ideas. Western humanistic characteristics determine the intuitiveness, procedural, mechanical, pertinence, and palliative of their scientific research innovation ideas. This intuitive, procedural and pertinence scientific research innovation concept has guided many discoveries and inventions in basic disciplines such as biology, medicine, physics and chemistry in Europe since the 16th century, Europe and the United States took the lead in the first to third industrial revolutions. However, with the discovery of many basic scientific laws, theorems, axioms and principles, the western scientific research and innovation concept based on intuition, procedure and pertinence has lost its power and brilliance in the face of increasingly complex modern scientific and technological problems. Taking chips as an example, the improvement of their production technology is close to the physical pole Limited, unless revolutionary new concepts appear, it is difficult to expect leap forward progress. Oriental scientific research innovation concept. Oriental humanistic characteristics determine the experience (pragmatism) of its scientific research innovation concept Sex, reasoning, flexibility, inclusiveness, and treatment of both symptoms and root causes. This empirical, reasoning and inclusive scientific research innovation concept has produced traditional Chinese medicine based on Yin-Yang and five elements, Zang Fu organs and meridians, as well as "cold starts from the foot and disease enters from the mouth". According to the definition of scientific research innovation (through observation, hypothesis and verification to improve existing ideas or methods) , traditional Chinese medicine is an effective and practical science that has risen from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge and has been proved by thousands of years of practice. However, since no physical evidence of meridians has been found so far, traditional Chinese medicine meridians are often regarded by laymen as lack of scientificity. Similarly, the hundred herbs tasted by Shennong and the compendium of Materia Medica compiled by Li Shizhen They are the products of observation and reasoning; however, due to the lack of detailed procedural (experimental comparison) records, traditional Chinese medicine is often considered to be lack of scientificity. There is no doubt that the oriental scientific research innovation concept ignores procedural (experimental comparison) The recorded facts have seriously hindered the progress of China's science and technology, making modern China's position in the history of scientific and technological development insufficient. However, the experience (pragmatism), reasoning, flexibility, inclusiveness and root causes of oriental scientific research and innovation ideas are likely to provide a series of different solutions to the increasingly complex problems of modern science and technology.

The strategy of scientific research and innovation. On the protracted war published in 1938 In, Mao Zedong comprehensively analyzed the basic situation of China and Japan, and clearly pointed out that the war of resistance against Japan is a protracted war, which must go through three stages: strategic defense, strategic stalemate and strategic counter offensive; as long as the Anti Japanese national united front is established and relied on, the final victory of the war of resistance against Japan will surely belong to China. There is no doubt that Mao Zedong's strategic defense, strategic stalemate and strategy of the war of resistance against Japan Counterattack still applies to today's war without gunpowder smoke of scientific research and innovation. The strategic defense of scientific research and innovation in China began with the founding of new China in 1949. At this stage, the West has an overwhelming advantage in all aspects of scientific research and innovation, and has imposed all kinds of economic and technological blockades on New China. In such a harsh environment, new China passed the national defense Literacy, the reconstruction of middle schools and universities, the implementation of hundreds of heavy industrial projects, and the development of missiles, atomic bombs and satellites have initially restored the vitality of scientific research and innovation. The strategy of scientific research and innovation is in stalemate. The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in 1964, the successful explosion of the first hydrogen bomb in 1967, the successful launch of the first man-made satellite in 1970, and the artificial synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin in 1965 , the discovery of artemisinin in 1971 marked that China's scientific research and innovation had entered a strategic stalemate stage, although the West still had an overwhelming advantage in other aspects of scientific research and innovation. The strategic counterattack of scientific research and innovation. The resumption of the college entrance examination in 1977 and the dispatch of a large number of overseas students since 1982 opened the prelude to the counterattack stage of China's scientific research and innovation strategy. After nearly 50 years of unremitting efforts, China has been in aviation Aerospace, deep sea, high-speed rail, nuclear energy, biology, supercomputing, communications, the Internet, new energy and other important fields have caught up with the West; however, there is still a huge gap in many other fields, and it is expected that it will take another 50 years to fully catch up with the West. In the face of increasingly advanced modern scientific and technological problems, western scientific research and innovation concepts based on intuition, procedure and pertinence are inadequate. For example, the West In addition, the Western perceptual people pursue instant gratification and advocate individualism, which means that the smart people among them will not do hard study and research with disproportionate returns (Oriental people everywhere in European and American laboratories are proof) On the contrary, through decades of hard work, the gap between Oriental and Westerners in scientific research and innovation is narrowing and has been surpassed in some fields. It can be expected that with the inclusiveness and root causes of oriental scientific research and innovation ideas, as well as Oriental people's hard-working, sincere unity and family and country feelings, China will be in today's war without gunpowder smoke in scientific research and innovation Win.

Tactics of scientific research and innovation. With a clear scientific research and innovation strategy, we must also have a wise scientific research and innovation strategy including project funding, talent use, talent training and talent selection. Project funding. China's previous project funding was deeply influenced by the western concept of scientific research and innovation, too much emphasis on projects with predictable results or temporary solutions, resulting in few original achievements Few. It should be noted that original scientific research and innovation are usually unpredictable. It is hoped that China's future project funding will include 30-50% of projects whose results are unpredictable or achieve a permanent cure; because only such projects can produce original results, and such projects with predictable results or permanent cure rarely bring original results (of course, this is a necessary investment to track western scientific research and innovation and use each other's spear to deal with each other's shield). I suggest establishing an interdisciplinary national transcriptional regulatory gene research center to systematically study the transcriptional regulatory genes of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms (such genes account for 5-10% of their total genes) As we all know, humans and animals have the nervous system, and their transcriptional regulatory genes are another management system outside the nervous system. It is very likely that it is the meridian system that people have been looking for and plays a vital role in the meridian science of traditional Chinese medicine. Considering that many disease symptoms can be alleviated by Acupuncture and moxibustion at different acupoints, the stimulated different acupoints may represent interrelated Different excitation points of transcriptional regulatory genes. So far, the specific functions of most transcriptional regulatory genes are not clear. Systematic study of transcriptional regulatory genes can bring many unpredictable original results. This is not only helpful to reveal various difficult diseases (such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc.) In addition, due to the lack of nervous system, the normal survival and reproduction of plants and microorganisms obviously depend on the function of transcriptional regulation genes; study their transcription in detail Regulating genes can pave the way for better use of plants and microorganisms. Talent use. China's current talent use suffers from serious dogmatism. It should be noted that the ability of scientific research and innovation has no natural relationship with famous universities, titles, highly cited papers and age. Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and wonder whether he graduated from famous universities, titles and highly cited papers Wen, how old are you? Gong Zizhen, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said: I advise the Lord of heaven to be energetic and not stick to one style to reduce talents. I think this sentence should be read as: I advise the Lord of heaven to be energetic and not stick to one style to use talents. Because there has never been a shortage of talents in the world, but only the courage and mind to make the best use of talents. Talent training. China's current talent training still follows the principle of moving from the west to adapt to the West The set of scientific research and innovation ideas. It should be noted that the western scientific research and innovation ideas have lost their past wisdom and are unable to solve the increasingly advanced scientific research problems. The kind that can not enable college students to master the basic skills of scientific research and innovation (including writing, speech, effective ideas and Strategies of scientific research and innovation) before the age of 24 with the strongest memory and plasticity The current talent selection in China is excessively inclined to large cities with superior teaching conditions, while ignoring small cities and rural areas with poor teaching conditions. It should be noted that candidates who score higher because of the superior teaching conditions in large cities are not necessarily better than those who score higher because of small cities and rural areas Candidates with lower scores due to poor teaching conditions in the village have more talent and motivation for scientific research and innovation. It is hoped that key schools with strong teachers and abundant funds will set aside a certain number of places (such as 10%) to recruit candidates from small cities and rural areas with poor teaching conditions (such as the top five in the college entrance examination in each county, regardless of whether their college entrance examination scores reach the admission score line of the school) Given appropriate guidance and opportunities, these candidates (raw talents) will have a stronger internal drive and become pillars of China's future scientific research and innovation.

In short, scientific research and innovation is a contemporary war without gunpowder smoke, but its intensity and subsequent impact are no less than those of past world wars. Strategic contempt and tactical attention are the magic weapons for us to win this century's war. It can be said that with the development of intuition, mechanization, pertinence, and the basic laws, theorems, axioms and principles of science that treat symptoms rather than root causes It is found that the western concept of scientific research innovation has lost its aura of the past and is walking into a dead end step by step. The inclusiveness and root causes of the Oriental concept of scientific research innovation provide a series of solutions for complex scientific research problems, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and through the root causes to achieve the symptoms. As long as we know ourselves and know the enemy, maintain strategic concentration and push forward in an orderly manner With good tactical measures, China will eventually win the unprecedented century war of scientific research and innovation. In the long history, the Chinese nation is a tried and tested helmsman, leading the sailboat of human civilization, breaking through the waves and moving forward bravely; the hundreds of years when western science and technology has been able to lead the trend are just a few rushing waves in the long history, which will soon disappear It will disappear without a trace; curious people may only find those past clouds in history textbooks.