The national carbon market finally began to trade online, which is a major event with far-reaching impact on China and world attention. Some articles say that the national carbon market is opened in imperfection, and there are many technical, policy and legal problems to be solved. It makes sense, but if we can think from a higher height of realizing the goal of modernization, it will be more beneficial to the development and improvement of the carbon market in the future.

The construction of carbon market is a new thing, which has a profound impact on the future economic and social trend, as well as national and global climate governance. China is the country with the largest greenhouse gas emission in the world. The time for China to achieve carbon neutralization in the future is shorter than that in Europe and the United States. When China starts a new journey of modernization, building the world's largest carbon market is of great significance to what is modernization and how to build a modern economy and society.

First, what is modernization? For a long time, modernization was almost equal to industrialization. However, more than 250 years after the industrial revolution, the relationship between man and nature has become increasingly tense. For example, the report released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) this year shows that mankind is facing the crisis of climate change, environmental pollution and loss of biodiversity. People are increasingly aware that modernization should be the coordinated development of economy and society with climate, ecology and environment! In order to realize the modernization of such sustainable development and deal with the climate crisis, human beings should incorporate the invisible gas of carbon dioxide, which is not directly harmful to human beings and can even be added to food, into the constraints of economic and social development. In the past, considering development depended on the conditions of land, environment and resources. Now we should also take carbon dioxide as an element, which will require a change in the concept of development.

In the first stage of the national carbon market, only power plants will be traded online. In the future, petrochemical, chemical, building materials, steel, nonferrous metals, papermaking, aviation and other high emission industries will be gradually included. The national carbon market starts with enterprises with high emissions. Although the results will be faster and easier to operate, it only focuses on the production side to prevent the majority of consumers from personally feeling the impact of carbon dioxide on them. People can not practice green and low-carbon behavior, and enterprises can not feel the constraints of users from consumers, Success in tackling climate change will be a question mark!

Secondly, the carbon market shows that the modern economy should price carbon dioxide and enterprises should pay the cost for carbon dioxide emission. Carbon pricing is considered to be the most powerful means to deal with the climate crisis and achieve the goals set in the Paris Agreement. The future carbon cost must be considered in the production and operation of enterprises, and carbon trading will become an indispensable behavior for enterprise operation. This is the characteristic of contemporary economy, and it will be more and more essential in the future! In 2006, Nicholas Stern, a British economist, was the main author and published the economics of climate change (Stern Report), which explained to the world that climate change is an important factor affecting economic development, and economics should study climate change. William Nordhaus, an American economist, won the Nobel Prize in economics in 2018 That is to commend him for combining climate change with economic growth. In particular, China's economic circles need to take the construction of the national carbon market as an opportunity to speed up and do a good job in the economics of climate change. Only with the support of more profound and latest economic theories can we better develop the carbon market!

For the carbon market, people often say that it is necessary to give play to the market mechanism to achieve carbon reduction and carbon neutralization. However, it needs to be clarified that the carbon market does not exist in the natural market. It is an artificial market established by the government considering the failure of the market to deal with climate change. Therefore, whether the carbon market or carbon pricing, of course, it is necessary to better mobilize the enthusiasm of market subjects through the market Mechanism to promote less and less carbon dioxide emissions from enterprises' production. However, please don't forget that this is a government led market! An important function of modern government is to build a carbon market. The government must draw a clear boundary of the carbon market and establish reasonable rules in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and not inhibit or even suffocate enterprises' production. Therefore, building a carbon market The role and role of the Chinese government is more important than that of the general market. This is a test for the Chinese government. Achieving carbon neutrality is "a big test of the ability to govern the country" In the past, the national carbon market did not exist. The government must constantly study and think, improve its ability and quality, have a great sense of responsibility and mission, and cooperate with multiple ministries and commissions in order to achieve good results in this special examination.

Third, we should make good use of the weapon of scientific and technological innovation. In the early stage of the construction of the national carbon market, there was no control over the total amount of carbon, and the emission reduction task of enterprises was measured by the carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit of GDP. It should be said that the carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit of GDP is an important indicator reflecting the level of scientific and technological progress of enterprises. At present, the carbon dioxide emission intensity per 10000 yuan of GDP in China is not only higher than that of developed countries in Europe and the United States, Moreover, higher than the world average, it is very necessary for China to vigorously improve the level of scientific and technological progress and improve energy efficiency. However, if carbon quotas are allocated only based on the carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit GDP, enterprises with high level of scientific and technological innovation will get more allocation and emit more carbon dioxide. Therefore, greenhouse gases should be introduced into the national carbon market as soon as possible In addition, the carbon market should be supported by accurate emission data, and science and technology will play an irreplaceable role in measurable, verifiable and reportable (MVR). We should accelerate the development of MVR technology based on the Internet of things, big data and blockchain.

In addition, we should consider making good use of scientific and technological means such as mobile Internet and digital payment to enable more people and small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in the carbon market, that is, to do a good job of "carbon inclusion". At present, the national carbon market is aimed at key enterprises emitting carbon dioxide. While further reducing emissions of key enterprises, we should promote "carbon inclusion" , so that more enterprises and people can feel the relationship between carbon dioxide emission reduction and them, and make work and contributions to combating climate change, that is, let consumers participate. In this regard, China has a good foundation because of its good application in mobile Internet and digital payment technology all over the world. For example, "ant forest" In the project, the carbon emissions saved by users' walking instead of driving and paying water, electricity and coal bills online are calculated, and the virtual "green energy" is used to raise virtual trees in mobile phones. After the virtual trees grow, ant forest organizations and public welfare partners will plant a real tree. This project has won the United Nations "guardian of the Earth Award" There are also "carbon inclusion" programs in Guangdong, Beijing and other places to encourage green travel, which are very distinctive and promising. China can take advantage of its own scientific and technological advantages to take the lead in the world in "carbon inclusion". In a modern society and country, people's behavior should be low-carbon and green!

Finally, the construction of carbon market should be international oriented. China's carbon market is based on the practices of European and American countries, and China's every move of its national carbon market has attracted the attention of the world because it accounts for 28% of the world's carbon emissions. Therefore, it is essential for China's carbon market construction to learn nutrition from the experience and lessons of European and American countries. In addition, European and American countries Changes in its carbon market will also have an impact on the Chinese market. Recently, European and American experts proposed to establish an international minimum carbon price, and the EU plans to implement the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) This will certainly have an spillover effect on China's carbon market. How to build a carbon market in line with China's national conditions and not passive in the world in the environment of global interconnection and influence is a subject that must be vigorously studied and dealt with.

China's commitment to carbon neutrality reflects China's role as a responsible power and has been praised by the international community. How China's carbon market construction can support China's modernization and make due contributions to mankind's response to climate change is also a question to be answered in building China into a modern power.